I’ve never done any sort of home networking or self-hosting of any kind but thanks to Jellyfin and Mastodon I’ve become interested in the idea. As I understand it, physical servers (“bare metal” correct?) are PCs intended for data storing and hosting services instead of being used as a daily driver like my desktop. From my (admittedly) limited research, dedicated servers are a bit expensive. However, it seems that you can convert an old PC and even laptop into a server (examples here and here). But should I use that or are there dedicated servers at “affordable” price points. Since is this is first experience with self-hosting, which would be a better route to take?
My current server runs 40ish docker containers and has 24TB of disk space in a ZFS array.
It is a 11 year old Intel chip and mobo that was my desktop once upon a time. I have been thinking about updating it simply because of power draw, but it works just fine.
I did add in PCI risor boards to get PCI 3.0 NVME drives in there.
It’s pretty common practice to upgrade your computer and turn your old one into a server. Then continue that cycle every upgrade.
Anything you need to buy is more expensive than anything you already have.
Especially if youre worried about power costs.
Reuse wha you have, replace when you need to.
Let’s put it this way, I’m hosting about 30 Docker containers including a full Servarr stack, Jellyfin, and Mastodon on an old Dell workstation intended for office work.
I started with an old and half-broken laptop. Keyboard war busted.
Worked fine for months, then choosed to upgrade because I started hosting jellyfin and the laptop was unable to transcode on the fly…
You are fine with whatever hardware you have lying around… You can always grow later
Keep an eye for energy consumption tough… Too old stuff might be less efficient running 24/7 depending on your kW/h cost.
Old PC’s and especially laptops (make sure to consider removing the battery though) make great homeservers. You can run dozens of services on old hardware.
Leave the battery in and you have a free UPS. Perhaps set it capped at 80% charge to increase its lifespan.
Yeah, any relatively modern used PC will be more than enough
My home server is made of literal garbage.
I just got a great Jellyfin+*arr setup running off of an old PC. Let me know if you need a hand
My server is always my old desktop hardware. It’s a 4th-gen i5 with 16GB RAM and it’s keeping up fine. I have thrown quite a lot of work at it too. If you avoid containers, you can serve 20 services off it no problem.
I too, was worried about power costs. Every time I do the maths, the new hardware will be obsolete by the time I make the money back in savings. If you’re concerned about environmental impact, the initial manufacture of hardware does more damage than running it over its lifetime.
Dedicated (1U rackmount) servers are always loud and power-hungry. I they idle at 130w and sound like a hairdryer that’s been left on.
Find secondhand on Facebook marketplace. Dive into an e-waste bin if you have to.
I’m running my Proxmox VE on a small asus mini pc with embedded cpu. It can’t even match a 5 year old i3 and I’m having no issues.
Running mainly containers and small projects
If you aren’t worried about power costs, yes, go for it.
I calculated the energy cost of running a 100w PC 24/7 for 2 years, covers the cost of a new mini PC + 2 years of its own energy cost. So I just bought a NUC which draws 7-8W. Less noisy too. Laptops usually draw less than desktops though so you may be good there.
I use my previous desktop and a rando openbox thinclient I picked up at Bestbuy for like $250 in a proxmox cluster. The desktop does the heavy lifting on stuff like jellyfin transcoding, immich ML, or just general fucking about with things that require a more powerful GPU (got a 3080ti in there)
The thinclient handles all the lighter stuff that needs to be constantly available, like my traefik instance, dns/dhcp server, etc
I started with handmedowns donated to my by someone from mastodon that was getting rid of junk computers. All tiny think stations.
You don’t need more than an old desktop with a low powered i3/i5 and a free drive bays to build your first NAS. Just install TrueNAS and get going.
This was maybe 2-3ish years ago;
I started with a raspberry pi 4 bundle from Amazon, played around with the Linux filesystem, bash shell, APT package manager and just kept reinstalling the headless Debian 12 OS if I believed to have bricked it beyond repair.
Eventually learned about the Docker Engine & Docker Compose and that essentially gave access to a plethora of software I would’ve have never have used before.
The raspberry pi 4 started to show sluggishness as I started piling more and more services on it so, Instead of buying traditional server grade hardware I liked the small form factor of the Pi so I opted for a 13th gen Asus Nuc with an 12 core i7.
Everything runs beautifully now and I even run Debian 12 on my desktop as well!
