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Cake day: July 1st, 2023

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  • So, this dating is extremely controversial. The single researcher who claims it has not yet published those findings, and the dates vary wildly (from 9,000bp to 20,000 bp) from interview to interview. No material culture has been found at the site suporting dates older than 2,000bp. No source culture for the 9,000 to 20,000 date has been identified.

    Enen if the dating is verified at somewhere inthat range, all it demonstrates is that something was at the site at that time (if the dating material is from a fire, it shows someone lit a fire there, for instance). Considering there were tool-making hominids in Sundaland 1.5 million years ago, and homo sapians 45,000 bp, it would be interesting, but not revolutionary, to find some presence at the site. Much more and varied evidence would be required to indicate that this was a megalithic work predating Gobekli Tepe.

    As a second note, also important: Gunung Padang is not a pyramid. Its an andesite hill which naturally fractures in to columns and terraces. Some of the terraces have been leveled off by trimming and filling, but that is a very different task from transporting stone to build a pyramid or other free-standing megalithic structure.














  • What we see now are the ancient roots. Before the continental colision, there was a sea and subduction zone. This gave us sandstones, diorite, and granite… All of which were crushed at incredible pressure and temperature by the continental collision. At the deep roots of the mountains, this transformed the rock into gneiss, marble, and other extremely hard rock. Additionally, the forces were so great that the very bottom melted and became fresh granite.

    All of these stones are very hard and resistant to erosion, and are what we see todayas the Appalachians


  • Its indirectly gravity. The taller the mountain, the more eroding force can be pleced on it. Water travels faster and therefore cuts deeper.

    Everest is still uplifting fairly quickly at 1mm a year, but its also eroding at roughly the same pace and won’t get significantly taller than it is now. The same is true for the rest of the Himalaya as well, the whole range is eroding at a very high pace.

    The Himalaya are home to some very spectacular canyons, including the largest canyon above water. The geology there is on full display and incredible.




  • One nit, pangea wasn’t the first supercontinent, we know of at least two, maybe three before it. The stone of the Adirondak mountains was formed as part of the Grenville mountains, which were built by a suprecontinent 1.5 billion years ago (the adirondaks got tall be’ause of a much more recent, unrelated thing, but their stone is very old). The Grenville runs from Hudson Bay to Texas