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Cake day: June 10th, 2023

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  • No, large water changes will not typically crash an established cycle. The vast majority of the bacteria that break down nitrogenous wastes live attached to surfaces: filter media, hardscape, substrate, and plants. Filter media are designed with surface area in mind: the hang-on-back (HOB) filters using the plastic cartridge covered with fiber floss has lots of slots to allow water to pass through and over the fibers, which are frizzy and are easily colonized. Canister filters hold stacked baskets of media like porous, ceramic rings that are designed to maximize surface area and house a ton more helpful organisms than even the fiber-covered plastic cartridge.

    When starting a new tank, it’s a good idea to throw some of your existing, healthy tank’s filter media (or plants or hardscape) in to jump start the community of microorganisms that keep your aquatic buds safe. You can use a friend’s, but only if you’d trust them to care for your fish at least as well as you do, as harmful organisms can also attach to surfaces and be carried along.





  • Squirt it right on top of the algae, not in the area. Peroxide’s not a dangerous toxin that lingers, but it’s reactive oxygen that disrupts bonds. (That’s its sanitizing super power.) It can chemically burn if left in contact with skin for too long, so I wouldn’t risk using it on hardscape inverts are sitting on or too near your fish. (The burns aren’t serious for humans but I don’t know how a fish or snail would do before the peroxide dissociated.)

    If you need to, put some tank water into another container and treat your hardscape in that so you don’t risk anyone’s safety.


  • First thing to do is remove as much as you can by hand. I usually twirl it around a barbecue skewer and pull gently until I get a good wad of it, like getting cotton candy onto a cone. Keep doing that until you can’t find any more clumps.

    Next, do a water change to reduce available nutrients in the water column. If you use plant nutrients heavily or tend to overfeed like I do, 50%+ is a good place to start when it comes to starving out hair algae. Keep doing water changes on a regular basis (I shoot for 10-25% every week, but in reality it’s usually every two or three weeks) to keep the overabundance of nutrients in check.

    You can spot-dose store bought hydrogen peroxide (the regular 3% kind) with a dropper onto remaining patches of algae; they should start to die off immediately and change color to red or brown. Those bits can then be pulled out or siphoned up. Used in small amounts (like a couple droppers’ worth, not a quarter bottle), peroxide shouldn’t hurt anything in your tank and will quickly break down to water and oxygen.

    After those initial steps, keeping control of hair algae involves getting your plants to outcompete it for food. One really easy way to do that is to add more plants and keep using the same amount of fertilizer. You’ll know when to increase your dose when the plants start looking like they’re deficient or not growing as well as before; make small changes and wait at least a few days to see how they respond.

    Aside from more plants, a nerite snail is a great addition to your cleanup crew. I’ve never had one try to escape before, but a female nerite will lay eggs on your hardscape. They’re small and white and look like sesame seeds. The eggs won’t hatch in fresh water or harm your tank.

    Good luck! I know hair algae is a hassle and hope this works for you.



  • Bettas are big on personality and intelligence in general. I’ve had some chill bettas who’ve shared a ten gallon tank with shrimp, and ones who have eaten all the shrimp in a couple days. Some ignored the other fish in the tank, and one had to be put in his own 5 gallon tank because he would chase everyone and stress himself out.

    My favorite betta would refuse to eat the pellets I got him unless I ground them up into smaller pieces with a mortar and pestle. He totally could, he just didn’t like to. Once he found that I would break them up into smaller pieces for him because I didn’t want him to starve, he stopped responding at all to whole pellets and would stare and wait for me to grind them up before swimming to the surface. “Pardonnez moi, mademoiselle, these are unacceptable