Wow, they’ve managed to post a video with no analysis of anything.

As someone who doesn’t know a lot about South American club football, if you gave me a big list all the major clubs from the continent and asked me to select the 12 most famous:

I would select the 10 listed by the OP plus Fluminense and Corinthians. If you asked for the single most famous I would say Boca Juniors. I have no idea if those answers reflect reality, but they are the most recognizable names to me.

The primary club I follow is Arsenal in the EPL, and we have had multiple players come from Corinthians, so this may affect my answer.