Any tech finance folks know what information ATMs get from bank cards?

I found a few articles on how ATMs work:

Those articles all skip the crutial details that privacy embracing users would care about: what all info is on the card that ATMs have access to and what does the ATM machines do with it?

In principle, I could only imagine that an ATM would get non-personal details like a card №, acct №, and card type – not necessarily the card holder’s name or address. I would like to know for certain though. I need to file a complaint against an ATM network and so it matters who the target of my complaint knows about me. If I disclose the card number connected to my complaint to a mediator who shares that with the ATM operator, could the ATM network/operator then obtain my name and retaliate against me for complaining / whistle blowing by blocking all my cards?