The examples being lets say BMW E46 M3 and the new BMW G80 M3. The E46 has a 3.2 i6 NA that makes 338hp, the G80 M3 has a 3.0 i6 twin turbo that makes 510hp.
What technological advancements have been made, other than the turbos and 20 years, that separate these 2 cars?
If you know something really technical feel free to share.
Modern spark and fuel control. Tighter tolerances inside the engine.
Each cylinder is sealed better than they used to be. So we are getting more out of the charge. A long with more advanced timing control of the cams along with spark.
The turbocharger becoming ubiquitous is just a bonus.